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Widespread fatigue damage : ウィキペディア英語版 | Widespread fatigue damage Widespread fatigue damage (WFD) in a structure is characterised by the simultaneous presence of cracks at multiple points, that are of sufficient size and density such that, the structure will no longer meet its damage tolerance requirement and could fail.〔Amos W Hoggard and Stephen R Johnson,"Boeing WFD Rule" aero_2012q4_article2"〕 For example, small fatigue cracks developed along a row of fastener holes coalesce, this moves to adjacent sites and propagates. The objective of a designer is to determine when large numbers of small cracks could degrade the joint strength to an unacceptable level.〔"Federal Register, Aging aeroplane program"〕 ==Categories of WFD== Several factors can influence the occurrence of WFD, like Design issues and Probabilistic parameters like manufacturing, environment etc. Two categories of WFD are:
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